ABSTRACT
The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between work-family conflict and burnout among the lecturers of Govt. Colleges. Work-family Conflict Scale [Carlson, Kacmar, and Williams, 2000] and Maslach Burnout Inventory [Maslach and Jackson, 1986] were administered on the present sample. A purposive sample of lecturers [N = 200] including male [n = 100] and female [n = 100] was selected from different colleges of Faisalabad Division. Age range of the sample was 26-60 years [M = 41.20]. Pearson correlation was applied to study the relationship among study variables. The findings of the study indicate that Work-family conflict has significant positive correlation with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and burnout. Time-based conflict, strain-based conflict, and behavior-based conflict exhibited significant positive correlation with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization of' others, reduced personal accomplishment, and overall burnout. Finally, practical implications are discussed
ABSTRACT
The main objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement among students of higher secondary schools. The secondary objective was to examine the role of various demographic variables of the students including gender socio economic status, parental education and geographical origin in emotional intelligence. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory was for data collection. Academic achievement of the participants was measured through their annual results. Pearson correlation and t-test was applied to test the hypotheses. Findings are in line with the hypotheses. Significant relationship found between the two constructs. First born students scored high on emotional intelligence as compared to later born students. Students with literate parents scored high as compared to students with illiterate parents. Students from urban areas scored high as compared to students from rural areas. Students from upper socio-economic students scored high on emotional intelligence as compared to students from lower socio-economic status. Female students scored high as compared to male students
ABSTRACT
Hospitals in Pakistan produce about 250,000 tons of waste per year. Hospital waste has been reported to be poorly handled and managed by the hospital staff and administration respectively. This leads to environmental and health consequences within hospitals as well as to outside population. Our study aimed to describe the qualitative results of observations of ten large private and public hospitals in the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad Pakistan. The qualitative data was obtained through direct and indirect observations on hospital staff including doctors, nurses, sweepers and persons in administration and the way they handled the waste. Also direct observations of the hospitals premises inside and outside were made and noted. We also describe the process of involving the hospital staff for trainings. Our results showed that almost all of the hospitals did not have practice of HCWM on their priority. Segregation, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of waste were below WHO and Pakistan bio-safety rules 2005 standards. The ten hospitals did not have HCWM rules and regulations in place hence the staff do not follow the best practices in this regard which causes numerous health and environmental consequences not only within the catchment area but also to patients and staff. Our study highlights the lack of HCWM practices within the ten public and private hospitals in two major cities in Pakistan. There is need of trainings of hospital staff in Pakistan. We also found that such trainings are highly feasible if accompanied with incentives to participants
Subject(s)
Medical Waste Disposal , Delivery of Health Care , Medical Waste , HospitalsABSTRACT
Experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different nitrogen levels on four bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) viz. Inqilab-91, Daman-98, Dera-98 and Punjab-96 at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan (NWFP), Pakistan during 2000 approximatey 2001. The experiment was laid out in split plot design having four replications using a net plot size of 2 m x 5 m. Nitrogen doses used were 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha. The results showed that different nitrogen levels had significant effects on plant height, total number of plants/m(2), number of grains/spike, number of spike/m(2), spike weight, biological yield, grain yield and grain protein content. Maximum plant height, total number of plants/m(2), number of spikes/m(2), spike weight, biological yield and grain protein content were observed at 200 kg N/ha. Among wheat varieties Daman-98 had maximum plant height, spike weight, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield. Inqilab-91 had heavier grains and the most grain protein content, while Dera-98 had the maximum plant population and spikes/m(2). Grain yield and biological yield were statistically similar at doses of 150 kg N/ha and 200 kg N/ha. However, dose of 200 kg N/ha, compared to dose of 150 Kg N/ha, significantly increased the protein content.